Aging, Mobility, and Risk: A Study on Falls and Preventive Measures
Aging, Mobility, and Risk: A Study on Falls and Preventive Measures

Summary/Abstract: Existing literature consistently shows that 30–50% of adults aged ≥65 experience at least one fall annually, primarily due to age-related mobility decline, environmental hazards, and physiological changes affecting balance. Prior research highlights the effectiveness of physical activity interventions, home environment modification, and standardized mobility assessments such as the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in reducing fall risk. However, evidence from Eastern Europe remains limited. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of falls among older adults in Bulgaria and examines whether local patterns correspond to international findings. The research addressed two questions: (1) What is the frequency of falls among older adults in Ruse? and (2) Which intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors are associated with fall occurrence? It was hypothesized that reduced mobility measured by the TUG test, combined with exposure to environmental hazards, significantly increases fall risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2024 among 103 adults aged 60–95 years recruited from healthcare and social institutions. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and the TUG test, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results showed that 79.6% experienced falls in the previous three years, rising to 100% among adults over 90. Longer TUG times were significantly associated with falls (p = 0.034). These findings demonstrate the importance of integrating mobility assessment, physical activity promotion, and environmental adaptation into fall-prevention strategies.

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