Przemiany cukrownictwa polskiego w warunkach Unii Europejskiej
Changes in the sugar industry in Poland in the conditions of the European Union

Summary/Abstract: The paper characterizes emergence and development of the sugar beet and the role of Polish areas in the process, change of the raw material base process and the processes of changes of the sugar industry in Poland against a background of the European Union. The dependence has also been shown in the development of the sugar industry in the global sugar industry. Sugar beet processing was born on Polish soil and has changed, both in the number of sugar factories (sugar) and sugar beet cultivation area and the organization of cooperation with the manufacturers of raw material processing. The number of sugar processing plants has been changing and trends in this area are similar in different countries, like in Poland, although these changes took place in different time. In Poland the number of sugar plants fluctuates. At the end of the twentieth century, there appeared the process of systematical − although with varying intensity over time − reduction of the number of plants and the increase of their processing capacity. Similarly the resource base has been changing up and down. The old EU countries (15) carried out changes in this area much earlier than the rest of the twelve countries that joined the Union in 2004 and later and are more advanced in the process of concentration (less sugar with higher daily processing capacity, reduced sugar beet on average larger area beet roots and higher yields of sugar per unit area). Reduced demand for the sugar beet for sugar production provides the opportunities to allocate them in large quantities for the production of dried products (for food and feed) and bioethanol.

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