УЧАСТЬ ДВОРЯНСТВА БЕССАРАБСЬКОЇ ГУБЕРНІЇ В РОЗВИТКУ ПОВІТОВИХ ЗЕМСЬКИХ КАС ДРІБНОГО КРЕДИТУ (ПОЧАТОК XX СТ.)
PARTICIPATION OF THE NOBILITY OF BESSARABIA PROVINCE ІN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY SMALL LOAN OFFICES (THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY)

Summary/Abstract: This article attempts to generalize and systematize with the participation of the nobility in the establishment and operation of county small credit offices of the province. Much of the work is devoted to the importance of district for the small credit system of Bessarabia as a whole. The author argues that according to the idea of county leaders, these institutions should not only have the upper hand, but also coordinate and control the work of other institutions in this financial sector. The researcher also draws attention to the fact that the district funds, the creation of which was to promote small business, were exempt from many taxes, which, according to the author, significantly contributed to the work of institutions. County cash registers could focus entirely on lending. It is considered separately that the cash registers were part of the county administration, which meant a significant predominant share of the nobility in the staff of the cash registers. It has been proven that employees did not receive an official monthly salary, but this was offset by permanent bonuses and frequent rewards for cashiers. In addition, cashiers could place their deposits and take loans on favorable terms. Another aspect was that the nobles could solve a significant part of county affairs at the expense of financial assets of the treasury. The article gives a number of examples when representatives of various county administrations took huge loans to solve many issues, and the debts themselves were not repaid, while continuing to demand loans for county affairs. One of them was loans from the box office for the reorientation of public transport (electric trams in Chisinau were set up from horse-drawn trams). Even in the crisis years of the war and the pre-revolutionary state, the cash registers continued their work, as they enjoyed great popularity and authority among small rural and urban owners. Moreover, the cash registers continued to issue loans for all sorts of unplanned expenses of the administration. The article presents material on training for work in small credit institutions. The author noted that it was the cash desks that took care of the needs for training professional employees for rural loan and savings and credit unions. For effective training, the Board invited the best masters of the credit and financial sector, who conducted carefully planned courses. During the classes, peasants and citizens could get acquainted with the current rule-making base, improve their computing skills, knowledge of many areas of finance and banking. The author emphasizes that the available source base and historical materials allow to the positive impact of such funds, because they could not only provide loans and place deposits, but also help the population to organize and integrate into the small credit system. Cashiers helped active and enterprising people in the development of their financial or commercial business.

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