КОНФРОНТАЦІЯ ТА СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО У МІЖДЕРЖАВНИХ ВІДНОСИНАХ: ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
CONTRACTION AND COOPERATION IN INTERSTATE RELATIONS: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS

Summary/Abstract: The article examines the development of interstate relations between leading states that were involved in confrontation in the struggle for their place in the international arena. We are talking about the USA, the states of Western, Central and South-Eastern Europe. At the present stage, in the conditions of Russian aggression, the development of interstate relations requires flexibility, adequacy, and rapid response from domestic diplomacy. Today, a new international order, a new system of interstate relations, is being formed. Security and stability on the European continent largely depends on the foreign policy of leading European states. The analysis of important problems in the development of the foreign policy of European countries is especially relevant in connection with Ukraine's European integration. The study of the foreign policy experience of the de Gaulle government can be useful in the development of an independent Ukraine. The foreign policy of the Fifth Republic was shaped by the three main national aspects of French politics - influence, independence and strength. General de Gaulle moved away from the theory of Atlantic cooperation and called for the elimination of the system of two world centers. In relations with the allies in the North Atlantic Alliance, the fundamental position was the intention of Charles de Gaulle to ensure complete independence of national security. The French President insisted on the reorganization of the military management structure of NATO in order to counter the dominance of the United States there. Charles de Gaulle advocated the idea of creating a "triumvirate" - the formation of the alliance countries of England, France and the United States. French diplomats demanded the abolition of the United States' monopoly on control over the North Atlantic bloc's nuclear arsenal. The failure of these initiatives, as well as the rise in international tension in the early 1960s, forced Charles de Gaulle to push for the creation of an independent national defense. France's withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a major milestone in the country's foreign policy. Despite opposition and numerous negotiations, the United States, West Germany, and other NATO members were forced to agree to the French Republic's withdrawal from the bloc. This event marked an important milestone in France's foreign policy and helped build relations with NATO on a new basis. The succession of French presidents ensured the success of the French Republic's nuclear policy. As N. Malinowska notes in her work, Charles de Gaulle laid a solid foundation for French foreign policy, which became the framework for his followers. French presidents have often been torn between forming a European security zone in which Paris would take a leading position and, each time suffering defeat and rejection of their country's leading position, returning to the traditional strategy of "national independence." The summarized and analyzed material can be used when teaching educational components of history in educational institutions.

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