OSMAN BEY’İN TARAKLI-GÖYNÜK-MUDURNU SEFERİ (1288-1289): STRATEJİK HEDEFLER, COĞRAFİ DİNAMİKLER VE BİZANS TAHKİMATLARININ ROLÜ
OSMAN BEY'S TARAKLI-GÖYNÜK-MUDURNU EXPEDITION (1288-1289): STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES, GEOGRAPHICAL DYNAMICS AND THE ROLE OF BYZANTINE FORTIFICATIONS

Summary/Abstract: The Ottomans settled in Söğüt-Domaniç in the 1230s and settled in the border region. Due to both the situation of the state and the Byzantine presence in the region, they took care to establish good relations with the powers around them. Osman Bey, who became the head of the principality after the death of Ertuğrul Bey, continued his policy of intervention with the surrounding tekfurs for a while like his father, but the raids on the migration routes by the tekfur of İnegöl forced Osman Bey to take new measures. In this process, struggles such as the Battle of Armenian Beli with the Tekfur of İnegöl, the conquest of Kulaca Hisar and the Battle of Domaniç Beli became inevitable. On the other hand, the Karacahisar Tekfur, which became a part of these struggles and stood as a threat in the eastern direction of the Kayis, was neutralised by Osman Bey. This conquest also paved the way for the Ottomans to become an independent principality. In this way, both security was ensured in the campaigns to be carried out in the western direction and security was ensured in the migration routes and plateaus in the Söğüt-Bozüyük-Pazaryeri line. It is seen that Osman Bey followed a calmer policy following his struggles with the tekfuru of İnegöl and the conquest of Karacahisar in 1288 and made preparations for the conquest of Bilecik, Köprühisar, Yarhisar and İnegöl until 1299. During this period, the most important activity reflected in the chronicles is Osman Bey's saturation expedition to Taraklı-Göynük and Mudurnu. Osman Bey, together with Köse Mihal, the tekfuru of Harmankaya, and with the support of Samsa Çavuş on Taraklı-Göynük and Mudurnu, won victory in this campaign and obtained booty. In this article, Osman Bey's Taraklı-Göynük-Mudurnu expedition, the route of the expedition and the old settlements and castles on the route are examined by centring on the field research method and the findings obtained are shared.

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