Artificial Intelligence in European Border Policing: Legal Challenges, Migration Governance, and Security Sector Reform
Artificial Intelligence in European Border Policing: Legal Challenges, Migration Governance, and Security Sector Reform

Summary/Abstract: This article aims to critically assess how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are reshaping European border policing and to evaluate whether their deployment requires a broader framework of Security Sector Reform (SSR) within the European Union (EU). Using a qualitative legal research grounded in doctrinal and policy analysis, the study examines how AI-driven predictive analytics, biometric surveillance, and automated risk assessments influence law enforcement practices along the EU’s key migration routes. The research is guided by three hypotheses: first, that AI enhances border management efficiency but weakens transparency and accountability; second, that algorithmic systems increase the risk of discriminatory enforcement and human rights violations; and third, that embedding AI governance within SSR frameworks can mitigate such risks by reinforcing democratic oversight and institutional responsibility. By linking AI innovation to fundamental rights protection, the study contributes to ongoing debates on ethical governance and the human-rights-based regulation of border technologies in the EU.

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