A Holistic Approach to Multidimensional Aspects of School Safety
A Holistic Approach to Multidimensional Aspects of School Safety

Summary/Abstract: School safety is a complex and multidimensional concept that includes physical, social, and psychological aspects of the school environment. The aim of this paper is to investigate how different dimensions of safety affect students' and teachers' perceptions of safety and to evaluate the importance of an integrated approach to improving the school climate. The analysis of relevant literature and evaluation studies shows that physical-technical factors (such as architectural solutions and surveillance systems) significantly contribute to the objective sense of protection, while social-psychological factors - the quality of interpersonal relationships, the sense of belonging, and teacher support - have the most significant impact on the subjective sense of security. The organizational aspect, based on the school's cooperation with parents, the local community, and institutions, proves crucial to building a long-term culture of safety and the school's resilience to risks. The results indicate that an integrated, holistic approach, which combines physical protection measures with the prevention of violence and the development of a supportive climate, contributes most to perceptions of safety and the overall quality of the educational process. Applied multidimensional analysis provides guidelines for the development of school safety policies by linking legal, organizational, and psychological factors.

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