Breaking ranks or building resilience? The role of women in the Latvian and Estonian armed forces
Breaking ranks or building resilience? The role of women in the Latvian and Estonian armed forces

Summary/Abstract: The steps taken by both Estonia and Latviademonstrate a strong commitment not only toimplementing comprehensive defence, but also embeddingrobust gender equality policies as an essential componentfor their armed forces. While notable progress has beenmade, especially in Latvia, where female participation ratesare among the highest in NATO, persistent structuralgaps remain, particularly in leadership representation,gender-sensitive planning, and strategic vision.

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