Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi ve CO₂ Emisyonu Belirleyicileri: Petrol İhraç Eden MENAP Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis and Determinants of CO₂ Emission: Evidence from Oil-Exporting MENAP Countries

Summary/Abstract: This study investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and the determinants of CO₂ emissions in oil-exporting MENAP countries, among the world’s key fossil fuel producers. Using panel data for the period 1999–2021, the effects of financial development, renewable energy consumption, and total trade on CO₂ emissions are analyzed, with data obtained from the World Bank Database. The findings show that renewable energy consumption significantly reduces CO₂ emissions, while expanding credit volume and international trade increase them. The EKC hypothesis is not valid in these countries. Notably, the negative link between renewable energy use and CO₂ emissions indicates that fossil fuel–exporting countries contribute to emission reductions by adopting renewables and have taken concrete steps toward a transformation in regional energy policies.

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