ОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИИ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОМ НАЗНАЧЕНИИ КОСТЯНЫХ И РОГОВЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ ЭПОХИ БРОНЗЫ ИЗ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ТУРГЕНЬ-II (ЖЕТЫСУ, ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНЫЙ КАЗАХСТАН)
PRODUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL USE OF BONE AND ANTLER IMPLEMENTS IN THE BRONZE AGE: EVIDENCE FROM THE TURGEN-II COMPLEX (JETISU, SOUTH-EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN)

Summary/Abstract: Bone and antler artifacts obtained during field investigations at the Bronze Age settlement of the TurgenII archaeological complex are examined as part of the economic and household activities of the ancient population of Jetisu. The study was conducted using a comprehensive approach combining morphological and use-wear (traceological) analyses. The main technological methods of bone and antler processing were identified: sawing, planing, longitudinal splitting, grinding, and polishing. The assemblage of bone and antler tools includes implements used for working metal and wood (hammer, chisels, pressure flaker), for leather processing (awls, gouges, scrapers, beaters, astragali), for pottery production (spatula, stamp), as well as multipurpose tools (handles, knife). Stratigraphic and typological analyses of the assemblage have shown its attribution to the Late Andronovo and Begazy-Dandybai stages of the Bronze Age (15th—12th centuries BCE). A comprehensive study of the bone and antler industry has revealed the dynamics of raw material procurement, processing techniques, and tool manufacture, contributing to the reconstruction of the main types of economic activities of the ancient population.

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