Dlaczego nie zgłaszamy się na badania profilaktyczne? Rola behawioralnej polityki publicznej w kształtowaniu polityki zdrowotnej: wnioski dla programu „Profilaktyka 40 PLUS”
Why Do We Not Report for Preventive Tests? The Role of Behavioral Public Policy in Shaping Health Policy: Lessons for the “Prevention 40 PLUS” Program

Summary/Abstract: Despite growing awareness of the importance of preventive health care, citizen participa-tion in screening programmes such as “Prevention 40 PLUS” remains relatively low. Thisarticle attempts to identify the main barriers that limit public participation in such initi-atives, and suggests possible directions for intervention based on the principles of behav-ioural public policy (BPP), which aims to influence citizens’ decisions by addressing thepsychological and economic mechanisms that influence their choices. Based on a literaturereview and a secondary analysis of aggregate data, mechanisms that can help increase theeffectiveness of preventive interventions are discussed, including simplifying enrolmentprocedures, using opt-out mechanisms, removing cognitive barriers, and using nudgesto minimize the cognitive effort required to make a decision.In this context, the issue of the financing structure of the health care system is also of par-ticular importance. Current spending on prevention in Poland – the lowest in the Euro-pean Union – remains disproportionate to its potential impact on improving the health ofthe population. Responding to the challenge of low uptake therefore requires not only anincrease in resources, but above all a better alignment of interventions with the actual de-cision-making mechanisms of citizens. The implementation of a behavioural approach cantherefore represent a qualitative change in the design of preventive interventions, increasingtheir effectiveness, efficiency and relevance to the actual health behaviours of the population.

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