Fıkıh Usulü-Kelâm-Belâgat Üçleminde Haberin Sıdkı ve Kizbi Teorisi
The Theory of Truthfulness and Falsehood of the Khabars Within the Triad of Uṣūl al-Fiqh – Kalām - Balāgha

Summary/Abstract: In this study, the debate on the truthfulness (sidq) and falsehood (kidhb) of the khabars is analysed within the framework of the relationship between the method of fiqh, kalām and balāgha. In the context of kalām, it was first developed by the Mu'tazilite theologians al-Naẓẓām (d. 231/845) and al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 255/869) are recognised as the pioneers in developing this doctrine to articulate their philosophical tenets concerning unity and justice. The dissemination of these principles extended beyond theological discourses, encompassing the realms of jurisprudence and rhetoric. The veracity of the of the khabars has been a subject of theoretical discussion within various scientific disciplines. In summary, the issue pertains to the absence of any discernible impact on the subjects pertaining to the furū’ al-fiqh (branches of jurisprudence) in general sense. A doctoral study has previously been conducted on this subject in one of its sections. However, it should be noted that the present study exclusively encompassed the perspectives of Jumhur, al-Naẓẓām, and al-Jāḥiẓ, while the dimensions of the issue pertaining to kalam and fiqh methodology were omitted. In contrast, the present study is the most comprehensive of extant research, incorporating six distinct perspectives. Furthermore, Moreover, the present study is the first to provide concrete evidence for the relationship between the issue and kalām and uṣūl al-fiqh. Moreover, the theory of knowledge on which al-Jāḥiz based his view is explicated for the first time. The approaches of Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 415/1025) and Abū al-Husayn al-Basrī (d. 436/1044) are also included and the views of the early Muʿtazilites and the later ones are compared. Conversely, the research is significant in terms of demonstrating the relationship between Islamic sciences and revealing that multifaceted issues can only be comprehended adequately if they are examined in conjunction with their interconnections in each branch of science. The majority of the scholars approached the issue of the issue of the truthfulness and falsehood of the khabars from the perspective of reality and conformity to reality. They argued that the khabars is divided into two parts truthfulness and falsehood. The perspectives of al-Naẓẓām and al-Jāḥiẓ were similarly deemed unsatisfactory by the Muʿtazilites who directed the most intense censure towards them. Nevertheless, al-Naẓẓām and al-Jāḥiẓ were able to exert a significant influence on a number of scholars, and more importantly, they cau instigated a centuries-long scholarly participating in the discussion. In this study, a wide range of classical works of jurisprudence, kalām and balāgha, as well as Arabic and Turkish academic studies written in the modern period, in which the issue of the truthfulness and falsehood of the khabars is examined in detail, have been utilised. Firstly, a concise overview of the definition and nature of the khabars is provided, followed by an exposition of the theological and jurisprudential underpinnings of the issue. Subsequently the general approaches concerning the issue outlined. In this context, the views of al-Naẓẓām, al-Jāḥiz, the republican scholars, Rāgıb al-Isfahānī (d. the first quarter of the 5th/10th century) and Abū al-Husayn al-Basrī, as well as a view transmitted by Ibn al-Hājib (d. 646/1249), whose owner is unknown, are included.

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