Provjera faktorske strukture upitnika za procjenu AI anksioznosti na bosanskohercegovačkom uzorku
Examining the Factor Structure of the AI Anxiety Questionnaire on a Bosnian and Herzegovinian Sample

Summary/Abstract: Since 2022, with the rise of publicly available generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT and Midjourney, AI has moved beyond automating physical and repetitive tasks to creating art, writing convincing essays, coding in different programming languages, and even supporting advanced medical and engineering diagnostics. As AI increasingly enters areas once thought to be uniquely human, it’s not surprising that anxiety about its potential negative impact on society has grown. This anxiety, referred to as AI anxiety (AIA), is gaining public and media attention, but research on AIA is still limited. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of the AI Anxiety Questionnaire on a sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina general population (N = 319, 61.1% female). Additionally, the study analyzed respondents’ levels of AI anxiety across various subscales. The questionnaire consists of 23 items and measures anxiety across eight areas: privacy violation, bias behavior, job replacement, learning, existential risk, lack of transparency, artificial consciousness, and against ethics anxiety. A sociodemographic questionnaire was also used. Results from the EFA initially identified four factors, but further analysis revealed a seven-factor model consisting of 22 items, explaining 79% of the variance in responses, with high internal consistency (α = .95). The study found moderate levels of AI anxiety among respondents (M = 3.93). The highest levels of anxiety were linked to bias behavior anxiety (M = 4.70), privacy violation anxiety (M = 4.24), and lack of transparency anxiety (M=4.20), while the lowest anxiety was related to artificial consciousness (M = 3.27). In conclusion, the results of this study represent preliminary findings on the factor structure of AIAQ in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This study may interest other researchers looking to understand AI anxiety better. The paper also discusses possible strategies for reducing AI anxiety and encouraging broader acceptance of AI technologies.

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