Consequences on European defence integration entailed by the establishment of the European Intervention Initiative
Consequences on European defence integration entailed by the establishment of the European Intervention Initiative

Summary/Abstract: European Intervention Initiative (EI2) was put forward by Emmanuel Macron in 2017for enhancing the process of European integration in the field of defence. The proposal took off and eventually attracted 13 member states and facilitated the deployment of two operations outside Europe. Representing a form of differentiated defence integration carried out outside the framework of the European Union (EU) but involving mainly EU members it was opened to the criticism that it runs the risk of affecting the Common Security and Defence Policy which, back in 2017, was in full process of consolidation. The examination of this concern, voiced by politicians and scholars, informs the article which approaches it at the level of both the main objective and the concrete outcomes of the EI2. It is concluded that there is a problematic complementarity between EU and EI2 and, based on its underlining rationales, a possible approach to improving it is suggested.

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