Integrating Ethnoscience-PBL and Virtual Technology to Improve Critical Thinking Skills: A Literature Review and Model Design
Integrating Ethnoscience-PBL and Virtual Technology to Improve Critical Thinking Skills: A Literature Review and Model Design

Summary/Abstract: This paper reviews literature and proposes an innovative learning model integrating ethnoscience, Problem-based Learning (PBL), and virtual technology to enhance students' critical thinking (CT) skills. Ethnoscience provides a culturally relevant context, making scientific concepts more relatable, while PBL engages students in active problem-solving. Virtual technology further amplifies these methods by offering interactive environments that enable students to visualize abstract concepts and improve analytical reasoning. Using the PRISMA methodology based on SCOPUS database, 56 studies were reviewed to examine the potential of these three approaches. The findings suggest that individually, ethnoscience, PBL, and virtual technology contribute to CT development, but their integration offers a more comprehensive framework. The proposed Ethnoscience-PBL model with virtual simulations embedded throughout. This model not only supports the development of CT but also prepares students to solve real-world problems through a combination of cultural context and advanced technological tools.

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