Kontrdemokracja jako wyraz nieufności politycznej (na przykładzie protestów we Francji w trakcie prezydentury Emmanuela Macrona)
Counter-democracy as an expression of political distrust (based on the example of civic protests in France during the presidency of Emmanuel Macron) (Summary)

Summary/Abstract: The purpose of this work is to introduce the concept of counter-democracyas defined by Pierre Rosanvallon, one of the most important historians and schol-ars of democracy of the past and present century. The article also examines the protests and public demonstrations that marked both presidential termsof Emmanuel Macron and undoubtedly influenced changes in the political sys-tem by increasing civic engagement as a result of political distrust in the demo-cratic dimension. The following research questions were posed: What is counter-democracy as defined by Pierre Rosanvallon? In what ways is it present in Frenchsociety? What is political distrust in the democratic dimension? How does it af-fect the political system?On the basis of the questions posed, the main hypothesis is constructed, whichis that the protests that happened during the presidency of Emmanuel Macronin France significantly affected the change in the political system through great-er involvement of citizens in the political process. Complementing this hypoth-esis will be the sub-hypotheses:1. Citizens’ behavior fits the model of counter-democracy in Pierre Rosanval-lon’s terms.2. Citizens’ behavior is an expression of political distrust in the democraticdimension.Source-based reconstruction methods will be used for this purpose.

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