Švietimo sociologijos epistemologinės prieigos
Sociology of Education epistemological access

Summary/Abstract: The paper analyzes the sociological theory. Western type public modernity theories are assumed as a process, for which a developing society is approaching the developed societies reaching a certain level of economic growth, a certain level of public participation and the democratic stage of development, giving the individual more physical, social and economic mobility. Structural Functionalism (Parson 1997; Merton 1997, et al.). With the approach to this theory, it can be said that inequality in education stems from the ascription to social class, strata, ethnic groups, etc., also due to individual’s achievements, which are usually associated with the innate talents and efforts. The analysis of an individual’s social functioning and social stratification is based on the approach to Capital Theory (P. Bourdieu 1978). Thus, the participation of education players in the education system, also the accessibility of education to an individual depends on the volume and structure of the available capital. Participation in individual’s reproduction process and education system, based on the approach to this theory, is defined by individual’s habits (habitus) and harmony with individual’s social status. The Theory of Social Conflict (Dahrendorf 1996; Coser, Lewis 1969) argues that conflicts can be identified among all social systems and the educational institute. In terms of social conflict society is the actual and potential arena of conflicts. Network Activity Theory (Burt 1982; Granovetter 1973; Castells 2004) aims to analyze and describe reciprocal link models in the social system. The followers of this theory keep to the opinion that social structures need to be investigated first, as the players’ behavior is constrained by social structures. Very often it is the case at an education institution that students from the disadvantaged families, with negative evaluations or various disorders, are often isolated from the classroom and school community.

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