Болгарское и гагаузское население МССР в период коллективизации (1947–1949): историко-антропологические аспекты
The Bulgarian and Gagauz population from the MSSR, in the collectivization period (1947–1949): historical-anthropological approaches

Summary/Abstract: One of the little-studied problems in the history of the Bulgarians and Gagauz of Budzhak is the process of forced collectivization associated with economic transformationsin the region in the post-war period. The article, based on archival documents and published literature,examines the mechanism of decision-making onthe socialist transformation of agriculture in the region,the stages of restriction, suppression, and then liquidationof the wealthy part of the peasantry of the Bulgarianand Gagauz villages of the Moldavian SSR in the periodfrom 1947 to 1949. Also, it gives the qualitative characteristics of the category of farmers included in Sovieth istoriography as “kulak”, shows the role of the union, republican and local authorities in the implementationof agricultural policy. Directories, statistical and othermaterials help to assess the pace of forced planting of the collective farm and state farm system in the southern regions of the Republic, in places of compact residence ofBulgarians and Gagauzians, as well as to identify the sentimentsof representatives of these nationalities towards the policies pursued by the Soviet government. Analysis of the presented materials allows us to understand thereasons for “Operation South”, identify the main social categories of the deportees, and also leads to conclusions about the harmful echoes of forced collectivization against the Bulgarians and Gagauzes of Budzhak in theperiod 1947–1949.

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