İSLÂM KELAM EKOLLERİNDE (MU’TEZİLE, MÂTÜRÎDÎ, EŞ’ARÎ VE ŞÎA) NÜBÜVVET ANLAYIŞLARI
THE CONCEPT OF PROPHETHOOD IN ISLAMIC THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS (MU‘TAZILA, MATURIDI, ASH‘ARI, AND SHI‘A)

Summary/Abstract: Factors such as religious, political, cultural, and geographical conditions, which influenced the formation process of theological schools in Islamic intellectual history, have played a significant role in their approaches to the fundamentals of Islamic belief. Additionally, each theological school has interpreted these fundamentals within the framework of its intellectual perspective, developing distinct interpretative methods. The differing interpretations regarding prophethood, a central topic among the tenets of belief, can also be evaluated within this context. In our study, we first examined the fundamental issues of prophethood through the lens of the Mu‘tazila school. We analyzed and detailed the views of prominent Mu‘tazila scholars such as Qadi ‘Abd al-Jabbar, Jahiz, and the Jubba’is. In the second and third sections, we explored the perspectives of Sunni approaches to prophethood by focusing on scholars like Abu al-Mu‘in al-Nasafi, Nureddin al-Sabuni, Abu Bakr al-Baqillani, and Sayyid Sharif Jurjani from the Maturidi and Ash‘ari traditions. In the fourth section, we addressed the Shi‘a perspective on prophethood, highlighting the views of prominent Shi‘a sects such as the Twelvers (Ithna Ashariyya), Isma‘iliyya, and Zaydiyya. This study, based on qualitative data analysis, aims to provide a concise overview of the concept of prophethood as approached by the theological schools identified in the title, for the benefit of the readers.

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