ЧЕСТОТА НА РАЗПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ И РИСКОВИ ФАКТОРИ ВОДЕЩИ ДО ТРАВМИ ПРИ ДЕЦА ПРАКТИКУВАЩИ БОЙНИ СПОРТОВЕ
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF INJURIES IN CHILDREN PRACTICING COMBAT SPORTS

Summary/Abstract: Injuries in children can occur in different types of activities and sports. Including when practicing martial arts. The prevalence of injuries in children depends on several factors: the type and intensity of the activity; the agе; insufficient physical training; incorrect technique; lack of equipment; incorrect posture and lack of proper training. Children who practice martial arts are at risk for various types of injuries. These traumas can be physical, mental or social. Mental trauma can be caused by stress, fear and anxiety that children experience during training or competition. Social traumas can manifest themselves in cases where there is competitive and aggressive behavior. These traumas can affect children's self-esteem and confidence, as well as their motivation to continue practicing martial arts. Physical injuries include injuries such as fractures, bruises, muscle injuries, and more. They are usually the result of improperly performed exercises, insufficient physical protection or an inappropriate training environment. Sports injuries in children affect both contractile and non-contractile tissues and may result in retardation or impairment of growth mechanisms. This review focuses on the prevalence and risk factors leading to injuries in child and youth combat sports. A precise search was conducted in scientific journals, articles in both medical and socio-medical forums related to the problem at hand. 314 abstracts related to trauma in children and youth practicing combat sports were studied. As 221 articles were evaluated in full text. After evaluating and analyzing the articles, we selected 93 of them for the development of our study. To select the most common injuries, we used the codes of the Medical Classification of Diseases (ICD). These are "Fractures of the wrist and hand" S62, followed by “Open wounds of wrist and hand” S61. and “Dislocations, sprains and strains of wrist and hand joints and ligaments” S63. Most injuries caused in youth sports are not mild and self-limiting, indicating that they are not that safe. It is good that training programs are tailored to the physical and psychological immaturity of children, so that adolescent athletes can adapt to the changes in their bodies and reduce the frequency of injuries. Despite these risks, practicing martial arts can have positive effects on children's development, such as better self-esteem, confidence, physical health and discipline. Children should be prepared for possible risks and receive good training from qualified instructors.

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