STIPENDIRANJE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI (1878-1990)
SCHOLARSHIPS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (1878-1990)

Summary/Abstract: A scholarship is a form of financial aid for education. Depending on who gives it and according to which criteria, it allows us to view the basic political, economical and social movements. By the granting of scholarships the state, primarily, supported the current educational policy, while on the other side, non-government organizations tried to achieve their various programmes. The main non-government grantmakers were cultural and educational societies Gajret, Prosvjeta, Napredak and Narodna uzdanica. During the Austro-Hungarian period in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Provincial government formed and executed a new educational policy in order to raise the general level of education of domestic population, but also to justify its role in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a missionary for the conduct of modernisation processes and to control the creation of domestic intelligentsia. On the other hand, the forming of national cultural and educational societies was an answer to the mentioned educational policy of the Austro-Hungarian government and it was given in a special way since the societies were oriented towards the creation of a numerous intelligentsia from their own national ranks. Granting of scholarships in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Yugoslavia was used with the same goals in mind, but the governing regime used the work of the cultural and educational societies for its own means to a greater extent also politicizing them. The best examples of this were Gajret and Narodna uzdanica which gathered the Muslim population according to their divergent political and national orientation. In the period after 1945, Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of six federal units of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia and the scholarship policy was an integral part of its educational policy. Considering the planned and directed educational policy, grantmaking corresponded to the new ideology. Until spring of 1949 various cultural and educational policies were in action, but their activities were limited according to Agitprop needs. The scholarship policy became a state job which was controlled, organized and directed by the government, regardless of whether these were state grants for education in one of the republics or state grants for abroad, as well as from grants of foreign governments for Yugoslav students. A special place in the socialist system of scholarships was occupied by Tito’s fund for the scholarships for young workers and worker’s children which was active from 1974 to 1990.

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