Celaleddin Muhtar’ın “Frengi Makalatı” Risalesi Temelinde Osmanlı Devleti’nde Frengi Sorunu ve Çözüm Arayışları
The Problem of Sphilis and the Search for Solution in the Ottoman State Based on Celaleddin Muhtar’s “Syphilis Atricles” Booklet

Summary/Abstract: While the origins of syphilis remain a subject of debate, it is widely acknowledged that it emerged following the discovery of the American continent. This virus, originating in America, rapidly spread across Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The impact of syphilis, a contagious disease, became significantly pronounced in the Ottoman State during the 19thcentury. During this period, it is evident that the Ottoman Government undertook various initiatives and implemented measures to combat the epidemic. In the latter part of the 19th century, syphilis escalated in the Ottoman territories, and economic challenges hindered the necessary efforts to combat the disease. Another challenge was the perception of syphilis as a simple ailment, leading to widespread ignorance. The stigma associated with the disease, often transmitted through sexual contact, prompted individuals to conceal their illness. Those seeking to address syphilis, considered a shameful ailment, often resorted to individuals posing as physicians or healers. Unfortunately, these charlatans, lacking any medical credentials, exploited people financially and contributed to the further spread of the disease, exacerbating public health concerns. Celaleddin Muhtar, a graduate of the School of Medicine, emerged as a prominent Ottoman physician in the battle against syphilis. He conducted extensive studies aimed at educating the public about syphilis, publishing his work titled “Syphilis Articles” in 1899 and 1907, presenting it to the public. In this comprehensive work, Celaleddin Muhtar emphasized that his commitment to writing about the disease was a debt of loyalty to his state and nation

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