„Muzyka” ptaków w muzyce. Imitacje, stylizacje, transpozycje
The „music” of birds in music. Imitations, stylisations, transpositions

Summary/Abstract: The topic of this study is the representations of the vocal activity of birds in European compositional works. We can divide them into three kinds: (1) mimetic, (2) stylised,and (3) conceptual. The mimetic representations are faithful copies of avian voices. The stylised instances use generalised, conventionalized melodic, rhythmic, and articulative structures. They allude to birdsongs, but do not constitute a direct, concrete imitation. Conceptual representations are those, in which the composer uses what is widely understood as “a compositional idea” of birds. The most prominent example of this type of birdsong imagining was Olivier Messiaen.The images of birds in music seem to fulfil the topical criteria as defined by Leonard G. Ratner.

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