MËSIMI I GJUHËS FRËNGE NË GJIMNAZET RUSHDIJE DHE IDÂDIJE NË KOSOVË (1885-1912): FILLIMI I FORMIMIT TË ELITËS SHQIPTARE “ALLA FRANGA”
LEARNING THE FRENCH LANGUAGE IN RUSHDIJE AND IDÂDIJE HIGH SCHOOLS IN KOSOVO - GYMNASIUMS (1885-1912): THE BEGINNING OF THE FORMATION OF THE ALBANIAN ELITE "ALLA FRANGA"

Summary/Abstract: As part of the educational reforms in the Ottoman Empire, great importance was also given to the modernisation and opening of secondary schools (gymnasiums) - rushdije and idâdije - which had a secular character. From 1855 onwards, a total of 10 lower gymnasiums (rushdije), 3 upper gymnasiums (idâdije) and a French commercial school in Mitrovica were opened in Kosovo (in today's administrative boundaries). The opening of these schools in Kosovo, - in which, especially after 1885, subjects such as: French language, drawing, geometry, mathematics, gymnastics, drawing, agronomy and a number of other secular subjects were taught (these subjects were also taught in the corresponding schools respectively in the high schools of Europe), - can be considered an important moment and turning point for the profile of education in Kosovo at that time, where until then education had a rather religious character. The French language was necessary and obligatory in these schools from beginning to end for three main reasons: First, because of the relations that the Ottoman Empire had with France; Secondly, the pupils had to prepare themselves and be able to communicate in a foreign language; Thirdly, since a model was needed for teaching, the French model and thus the French language was chosen. The teaching of French language and culture, which was given in the rushdije and idâdije schools not only in Kosovo but everywhere in the Albanian countries, had a positive effect on the gradual formation of the Albanian elite "Alla Franga". These schools created a moderate profile of Albanian intellectuals oriented towards Europe and its ideas. It is precisely the teaching of the French language in these schools, its impact, the fund of lessons for this subject, the textbooks, the teachers, etc., that is discussed in our paper.

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