The Impact of the Shadow Economy on the Economic Security of the State
The Impact of the Shadow Economy on the Economic Security of the State

Summary/Abstract: The article is concerned with the topic of unobserved economy, its impact on economic security and its ability to provide safety. The aim of the study is to answer the question of whether the share of the shadow economy in the level of GDP is reduced as a result of conducting appropriate state policies in that area, as well as the question: does the state effectively use appropriate solutions to affect the reduction of control and organisation of this part of the economy by organised criminal groups, which will positively affect the provision of economic security of the state? A hypothesis was formulated based on the assumption that the share of the shadow economy in the Polish economy is characterised by an upward trend and the solutions used by the state do not have the effect of reducing the control and organisation of the unobserved economy by organised crime groups. In the article, the following research methods were used: a critical analysis of literature and a document research on a secondary analysis of estimates of the phenomenon described by the CSO and IPiAG. The activities of the organised crime groups are increasing in the Polish economy through their involvement in controlling and organising the shadow economy. As indicated by IPAG data, the share of the unobserved economy is increasing to a projected 12.8% in 2022. Relating this to the issue of ensuring the economic security of the state, it can be said that this poses a significant threat to it. In conclusion, when shaping appropriate state policies every effort should be made to reduce the share of the unobserved economy. Various solutions are currently being attempted in Poland to reduce it. They concern both institutional changes and the introduction of the new instruments. However, it is not yet possible to state the level of their effectiveness due to the lack of adequate data and the failure to conduct comprehensive research in this area. Hence, at this level of research, it is not possible to give a clear answer to the question of the effectiveness of the state’s use of appropriate solutions to affect the reduction of control and organisation of this part of the economy by organised crime groups, which will affect the assurance of the state’s economic security.

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