Aktorzy subpaństwowi jako podmioty dyplomacji
Sub-state actors as subjects of diplomacy

Summary/Abstract: The aim of the article was to analyse sub-state actors as subjects of diplomacy. In the article, the problem of a subjective evolution of diplomacy and difficulties with contemporary definition of this term were discussed. Furthermore, the issues regarding the scholarly discourse about external activity of sub-state units (terminology and diverse level of advance) was described. The various classification of motives of the foreign actions was presented. In addition, in the article there are examples of the instruments used by sub-state actors.

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