Калоян – цар на България и Влахия
Kaloyan, King of Bulgaria and Wallachia

Summary/Abstract: The appearance of the title of King Kaloyan is followed up in the article. His predecessors, the brothers Assen and Petar, were more often called “King of Bulgarians and Wallachians”, uniting under their sceptre the ruling not only of the Bulgarians but also of the Wallachian enclaves that inhabited Bulgarian territories. Probably the toponyms Bulgaria and Wallachia appeared in the title of the Bulgarian King on the one hand under the influence of the church tradition, since the Archbishop of Tarnovo headed the Church of Bulgaria and Wallachia, and on the other by a short tradition, initiated by the French military historians Geoffroi de Villehardouin, Robert de Clary and Henry de Valenciennes whose contacts seem to have been more frequent with the Wallachian population at the foot of the Eastern Stara Planina Mountains. Although sketchily, attention is paid also to the emergence of the name Zagora which perhaps already carried an element of state organization. Probably it was not accidental that in a text of the mention of Dragan and in a copy of the Life of St. Sava Zagora it is identical with the Kingdom of the first Assens, and Kaloyan is presented openly as “King of Zagora”.

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