Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Europe. Between a Normative Model, a Regulatory Experiment, Democracy, and Geopolitical Rivalry
Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Europe. Between a Normative Model, a Regulatory Experiment, Democracy, and Geopolitical Rivalry

Summary/Abstract: The dynamic development of artificial intelligence poses one of the key challenges for modern states, bringing both opportunities for improving decision-making processes and the functioning of public administration, as well as threats to the integrity of democratic processes and the quality of political debate. While many countries are considering or introducing various regulatory approaches in this area, the European Union has adopted a comprehensive regulatory framework, including the Artificial Intelligence Act and the acts that make up the so-called ‘digital constitution for Europe’, such as the Digital Markets Act and the Digital Services Act. The article is based on a political science and legal analysis of European artificial intelligence regulations in a global context. It argues that European Union AI regulations are normative and systemic in nature, as they go beyond the technical governance of technology, redefining the relationship between the state, the market, and the individual in the context of the digital transformation of democracy. A comparison of the regulatory approaches of the European Union, the United States, and China presents the EU as a global normative actor promoting a model of artificial intelligence development based on law, individual rights, and democratic control.

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