Глобалните вериги за създаване на стойност – за изкуствения интелект, за непознатия свят на захранващите с данни и човешките права
Global Vaue Chains and AI-the Unknown World of Annotators and Human Rights

Author(s): Bistra Boeva
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Sociology, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Globalization
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: AI value chains; data annotators; human rights; regulations
Summary/Abstract: This publication addresses a topic that has received little recognition in Bulgarian academic literature: the human factor at the initial stage of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) value chain. Within the context of international business practices – offshoring, outsourcing, and global value chains – it examines whether and how human rights are respected during the initial stages of the AI value chain, namely the provision of structured data for large language models (LLMs). In AI terminology, this field is known as data annotation. Drawing on empirical data and academic publications, the study outlines the emerging division of labour between annotators in the Global North and the Global South. The subsequent analysis examines the policies of the key actors responsible – the major technology companies. Finally, the publication considers the extent to which OECD initiatives, including manuals and guidelines, contribute to addressing these challenges and whether the EU’s new simplified regulations offer viable solutions.

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