ABORDARI MODERNE REFERITOARE LA PROTECTIA VICTIMELOR CRIMINALITATII TRANSFRONTALIERE
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF CROSS-BORDER CRIME

Summary/Abstract: Cross border crime is a complex and dynamic manifestation of contemporary criminality, characterized by the crossing of states’ jurisdictional boundaries and the involvement of organized criminal networks. It generates significant consequences not only for national and international security, but also for the effective protection of fundamental human rights, particularly concerning the victims of crime. In this context, victims face a series of structural and procedural difficulties, including limited access to justice, uncertainties regarding the recognition of their legal status in other jurisdictions, linguistic and cultural barriers, as well as obstacles to obtaining compensation. The study systematically examines the mechanisms for the protection of victims in relation to the international, European and national legal framework, highlighting the interaction between the different levels of regulation. The relevant legal instruments, such as international conventions, European directives and domestic rules, are examined with a view to assessing their degree of effectiveness and practical applicability. At the same time, the paper identifies normative gaps and institutional dysfunctions that affect the protection of victims in cross border situations, including issues relating to judicial cooperation, mutual recognition of judgments and coordination between competent authorities. The analysis shows that victims’ vulnerability is amplified in a cross border context, particularly in the case of sensitive categories such as victims of trafficking in human beings, exploitation or organized crime. In this regard, the essential role of international cooperation, both at institutional and operational level, in ensuring effective and coherent protection is underlined. Good practices and cooperation mechanisms that contribute to improving access to justice and strengthening victims’ rights are highlighted. The research reveals the need to strengthen the existing regulatory framework and procedural mechanisms by harmonizing legislation, reinforcing judicial cooperation and developing effective institutional instruments. An integrated and coordinated approach at international and European level is essential to ensure real and effective protection for victims of cross border crime.

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