PROTECŢIA MEDIULUI ÎN CONTEXTUL RĂZBOIULUI HIBRID, RĂSPUNDEREA STATELOR ŞI ECOCIDUL ÎN DREPTUL INTERNAŢIONAL CONTEMPORAN
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF HYBRID WARFARE, STATES RESPONSIBILITY AND ECOCIDE IN CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL LAW

Summary/Abstract: The evolution of contemporary armed conflicts towards forms of hybrid warfare generates new challenges for environmental protection and for the application of international environmental law norms. The combination of conventional military operations with cyber attacks, acts of sabotage and actions carried out by non state actors increases the risk of severe ecological damage, including forms of pollution liable to fall within the concept of ecocide. The article examines the impact of hybrid warfare on the environment, with a focus on the vulnerability of critical infrastructure, the contamination of natural resources and the difficulties in attributing responsibility for the damage caused. The research highlights the limitations of the current international regulatory framework in relation to the new threats generated by cyber warfare and the use of emerging technologies in armed conflicts. At the same time, it examines states’ obligations regarding the prevention and remediation of environmental damage, as well as the need to strengthen international liability mechanisms. The conclusions underline the importance of adapting international environmental law and integrating environmental protection into security strategies and military operations planning, in order to ensure effective protection of ecosystems and human health in the context of new forms of conflict.

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