ECONOMIC AND LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF THE CONFLICT INVOLVING THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IRAN, AND ISRAEL
ECONOMIC AND LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF THE CONFLICT INVOLVING THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IRAN, AND ISRAEL

Summary/Abstract: This paper examines the economic and legal aspects of the conflict between the United States of America, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the State of Israel, one of the most complex security and geopolitical challenges of the contemporary international order. Particular attention is devoted to economic sanctions as an instrument of foreign policy and international pressure, their legal basis within the framework of public international law, and their economic consequences for Iran’s economy, global energy markets, and international financial flows. The primary objective of this research is to assess the extent to which sanctions and other restrictive measures contribute to the achievement of political objectives, while also evaluating their compatibility with the fundamental principles of the Charter of the United Nations, including the sovereign equality of states, the prohibition of the use of force, and the rules governing international trade. The study employs normative legal, comparative legal, descriptive, and law-and-economics methods, supported by an analysis of relevant domestic and international scholarly literature, international treaties, resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, judicial practice, and economic indicators. The findings indicate that, although economic sanctions constitute an important instrument of international politics, they often produce limited political results while simultaneously generating significant economic and social consequences for civilian populations, disrupting international trade flows, and increasing instability in global energy markets. Particular emphasis is placed on the strategic importance of the Strait of Hormuz as one of the world’s most significant energy corridors and its impact on the security of global oil and natural gas supplies. The paper concludes that a long-term resolution of the conflict cannot be achieved solely through economic sanctions and deterrence policies. Instead, it requires strengthening the role of international law, enhancing the effectiveness of international institutions, and developing mechanisms for the peaceful settlement of disputes that ensure an appropriate balance between international security, state sovereignty, and the protection of fundamental human rights.

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