Afrika’da Birleşmiş Milletler Barışı Koruma Operasyonlarının Dönüşümü: Ortaklık Temelli Model ve Somali Örneği
The Transformation of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Africa: The Partnership-Based Model and the Case of Somalia

Summary/Abstract: United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations have long been among the primary instruments employed for conflict resolution and the restoration of peace across the African continent. This study examines the recent restructuring of peace operations in Africa through the case of Somalia. It argues that peacekeeping operations in Africa have increasingly evolved towards a regionalized, partnership-based model; however, the effectiveness of this model cannot be explained solely by the division of labor between international and regional actors but is also shaped by local dynamics. Somalia represents one of the most illustrative cases of this transformation. This transformation is reflected in the shift from the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) I–II missions in the 1990s to the African Union (AU) Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), led by the AU with UN support after 2007, and subsequently to the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS). The study analyzes this process within a case study design, employing process tracing as its primary method. The findings indicate that the operations have not fully succeeded in ending violence, have contributed only slightly to strengthening state capacity, and have failed to adequately establish local ownership. In this respect, the overall performance of the mission presents a mixed picture, with the partnership-based model facing various constraints due to insufficient local ownership and complex societal dynamics. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that peace operations have become increasingly regionalized in line with broader trends in global security governance and that the partnership-based model implemented in Somalia represents an institutionalized manifestation of this transformation; however, its success remains significantly shaped by the local context.

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