Anadolu’da Umumi Bir Helâ: Tokat Şeyh Tûsî Helâsı
A Public Lavatory in Anatolia: Tokat Seyh Tûsî Lavatory

Summary/Abstract: In Turkish-Islamic architecture, toilet (helâ) structures were generally constructed as part of large building complexes. However, examples of standalone public toilet buildings constructed independently in Anatolia are almost nonexistent. In this context, the structure located in Tokat province, commonly known among locals as the “Sheikh Tusi Helâ” or “Sık Dişini Helâ,” represents a unique example and holds significant value in terms of architectural history. Due to the scarcity of surviving examples, it is challenging to obtain detailed information regarding the architectural characteristics of such structures. Therefore, an independent and extant public toilet like the one in Tokat is of great importance for research in this area. The name “Sheikh Tusi Helâ” is likely attributed to Abu’l-Qasim bin Ali al-Tusi, a vizier from the Seljuk period. The popular name “Sık Dişini Helâ” probably refers to the heavy usage of the toilet, attributable to the dense human circulation in the region. Although the exact construction date of the structure is unknown, based on archaeological findings and architectural features obtained during cleaning and restoration works, it can be proposed that the building was erected in the 13th to 14th centuries. One of the most striking features of the building is the orientation of the toilet units, which are positioned at a 45° angle toward the qibla direction. This alignment is particularly significant in ensuring conformity with Islamic principles. The infrastructure of the building was planned with a highly advanced system. Throughout its history, the Sheikh Tusi Helâ has served as a facility meeting the needs of the urban population. Public toilets held considerable importance, especially in areas with intense commercial activity such as Sulu Street. Designed to address the hygienic requirements of both tradespeople and the general populace, these structures constituted an integral part of the social infrastructure of their time. The significance attributed to the building by the people of Tokat, reflected in its various local names, indicates its enduring place in collective memory. Today, it holds value as both an architectural and cultural heritage site. The Sheikh Tusi Helâ in Tokat is of great importance in the history of Turkish architecture due to its well-preserved plan layout, infrastructure, and interior spatial organization that respects Islamic sensitivities.

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