ПОСТОПЕРАТИВЕН ТРЕТМАН И НЕГА НА ПАЦИЕНТИ СО СРЦЕВА СЛАБОСТ И МЕХАНИЧКА ЦИРКУЛАТОРНА ПОДРШКА (ЛВАД)
POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT AND CARE OF PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT (MCCS)

Summary/Abstract: Advanced heart failure is a condition with limited therapeutic options, in which mechanical circulatory support with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is imposed as an effective solution for prolonging life and improving functional status. After surgical implantation, postoperative treatment and care are of crucial importance for stabilizing the patient and preventing early and late complications. This paper aims to emphasize the importance of a systematic approach in monitoring patients with LVAD in the postoperative period. Attention is focused on continuous assessment of hemodynamic parameters, maintenance of optimal perfusion and timely detection of disturbances in the operation of the device. A separate segment covers the management of risks associated with infection at the cable exit site, bleeding and thromboembolic events. The use of appropriate anticoagulant therapy and regular laboratory monitoring are the basis for safe operation of the device. Patient care also includes an active role of the nurse in maintaining hygiene, dressings, self-care education and psychosocial support. Involving the patient in their own care contributes to better adaptation and reduced hospitalizations. It is concluded that well-organized postoperative care, combined with education and teamwork, significantly improves the outcome and quality of life in patients with LVAD. Continuous upgrading of knowledge and practices remains a key factor for success. Regular outpatient controls and telemonitoring enable early detection of changes in the patient's condition. Interdisciplinary cooperation between cardiologists, surgeons and nurses is key to continuity of care. Psychological support plays a significant role in managing the chronic condition and accepting the device. Proper nutrition and physical activity, adapted to the condition, further contribute to improving health. Such a comprehensive approach ensures long-term stability and a better quality of life for patients. Continuous education of patients and their families is essential for timely recognition of warning symptoms and prevention of complications.

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