СОВРЕМЕНИ ЛАБОРАТОРИСКИ ИСПИТУВЊА ЗА СКРИНИНГ НА DIABETES MELLITUS ЗА ВРЕМЕ НА БРЕМЕНОСТ
MODERN LABORATORY TESTS FOR SCREENING FOR DIABETES MELLITUS DURING PREGNANCY

Summary/Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders that can occur during pregnancy. It is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism, which may lead to hyperglycemia and increases the risk of complications for both the mother and the fetus. Common maternal and fetal complications associated with GDM include macrosomia, preeclampsia, preterm birth, neonatal hypoglycemia, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Due to these potential risks, early detection and proper management are essential components of prenatal care. Modern laboratory testing plays a central role in identifying GDM and monitoring glucose control during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of modern laboratory methods in the screening, early diagnosis, and continuous monitoring of Diabetes mellitus in pregnant women. The study emphasizes the importance of accurate laboratory assessment in guiding therapeutic interventions and improving pregnancy outcomes. This study included a total of 231 pregnant women. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, such as age, marital status, smoking habits, and relevant medical history, including previously diagnosed diabetes. Participants were analyzed according to the presence of risk factors and the type of therapy used for glucose control. The primary diagnostic tool employed was the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which was supplemented by measurements of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The study also examined the use of insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents in managing diagnosed cases of GDM. The analysis revealed that regular laboratory screening allows for early detection of gestational diabetes, which facilitates timely therapeutic interventions. Among the participants, the implementation of appropriate treatment strategies, including diet modification, physical activity, and pharmacological therapy when necessary, led to effective control of blood glucose levels. Early diagnosis and monitoring were associated with a reduction in maternal and fetal complications, highlighting the clinical significance of systematic laboratory assessment during pregnancy. The study underscores the critical role of modern laboratory methods in the management of gestational diabetes. Regular screening, accurate diagnosis, and continuous monitoring enable healthcare providers to implement effective interventions, ensuring better maternal and fetal outcomes. Laboratory testing, therefore, represents an indispensable tool in contemporary obstetric care, contributing to the prevention of complications and the promotion of healthy pregnancies.

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