Obraz szkoły w opinii uczennic i uczniów szkoły podstawowej z Polski oraz Ukrainy – doniesienie z badań
The view of school in the opinions of Polish and Ukrainian students of primary school – notifications from the research

Summary/Abstract: The article presents chosen results and interpretation of a research, the aim of which was to find out how primary school students from Ukraine and Poland understand certain concepts related to school. The research sought answers to the following research question: what understanding of the concepts: school, student, teacher, classroom, learning is documented in the declarations of students? The study used a survey method and a constructed questionnaire which consisted of initiated questions. The socio-cultural theory of J. S. Bruner constituted the support at the research conceptualization and design stage. At the stage of analyzing the empirical material, preliminary codes were created, which then allowed for the identification of key concepts and categories. In the process of describing, explaining and interpreting among others the following concepts were used: J. S. Bruner’s culture concept, R. Kwaśnica’s „Two rationalities” concept, M. Foucault’s concept, Erik Erikson’s psychological development concept, a paradigmatic tension: constructivist approach v. behavioural approach, the theoretical approaches to a teacher. The research participants’ answers reveal that a teacher transmits knowledge which (s)he has already acquired, assesses and imposes discipline. (S)he is a person of character who is noticed by young people. School constitutes an environment where students have an opportunity to develop themselves and find it worth doing, although it requires engagement. For students, both the aesthetic and the emotional aspects of the environment they are in matter. They need an adult who would abandon preaching, admonishing and giving advice, and would offer listening, understanding and emotional support.

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