FAKTORI RIZIKA I KLINIČKE POSLEDICE OSTEOPOROZE KOD ŽENA U POSTMENOPAUZI
RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN POSTMENOPAUSEOUS WOMEN

Summary/Abstract: Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common metabolic disease of modern times, characterized by a decrease in bone density and a disruption of bone microarchitecture, which makes the bone prone to fractures, either spontaneously or with a force that is less than that normally required to fracture a healthy bone. It mainly affects women, less often men, and the most common is the so-called postmenopausal osteoporosis, which occurs as a result of a decrease in the female sex hormone estrogen. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of risk factors for the development of osteoporosis in relation to the menopause period and the occurrence of fractures, as possible complications. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional clinical study, conducted at the Department of Rheumatology of the University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska (UKC RS) during 2023. The study included 101 female subjects in menopause, with osteoporosis, with or without fracture, with an average age of 64.58 years (SD = 7.39). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, where the average values (M) and standard deviations (SD), minimum and maximum values, frequencies and percentages were calculated, and the distributions of the results were presented graphically. Statistical processing was performed in the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software package. Results with a reliability of р<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Osteoporosis was present in all patients in the study, most of whom lived in urban areas, the average age of menopause was 51 years, and osteoporosis occurred on average at 54 years. Fractures were more common in subjects with significantly reduced bone density, in the lumbar spine, with one third having a fracture and 3.96% having more than one fracture. The differences in distribution were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Hip fracture, the most severe clinical manifestation of osteoporosis, was found in 6.5% of subjects, with high statistical significance. The association between menopause and the occurrence of osteoporosis has been established, and the importance of systematic monitoring of risk factors for preserving bone health in postmenopausal women has been established. Educate women about the importance of a healthy lifestyle, with an emphasis on regular physical activity and the importance of a diet rich in nutrients important for bone health. Implement educational programs on the prevention of falls and fractures, as well as provide psychological support to women who already have osteoporosis, with the aim of preserving quality of life.

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