Elektroenergetická politika v Československu v letech 1945–1989 a její výsledky
Electric power policy in Czechoslovakia in the years 1945–1989 and its results

Summary/Abstract: After the nationalization of power plants in Czechoslovakia in October 1945, the formation ofa unified nationwide electric power system began, including the organizations Energoprojekt,Central Dispatch Center and Energy Inspection. The unified system also ensured the transferof electricity from surplus to deficit regions. An analysis of the electric power industry for theentire period 1945–1989 shows a generally successful development. Electricity production wasable to meet the growing needs of the national economy and households, even in cases wherethere were doubts about some of the tasks set by economic policy at the time. The electrification ofmunicipalities was soon completed, the electrification of railways was carried out from almostzero, the construction of the metro started in Prague and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republicsuccessfully entered the era of nuclear energy. The training of qualified specialists for energy atsecondary and higher education institutions was also not neglected. In 1979, the interconnection of electricity networks between the CMEA countries resulted in the creation of the largestelectricity system in the world with an area of 20 million km2 – from the Czechoslovak SocialistRepublic and the GDR to the Siberian Baikal. This also resulted in savings due to the time shiftof the energy peaks of the participating states. The quality of domestic production of equipmentfor the energy sector is also evidenced by extensive exports. In the 1980s, the country managed toproduce its own nuclear power plants. Compared to today‘s situation, it is hard to believe that,for example, four units at the Dukovany nuclear power plant were built in less than 9 years andput into operation in 1985–1987. After the division of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic,Slovakia became the fourth country in the world with more than half of its electricity productionfrom nuclear power. Over the entire period 1948–1989, electricity production increased15.3 times with an average annual increase of 6.3%. Household consumption in 1989 was42 times higher than the statistically available data from 1937.

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