Medya Rejimleri ve Demokrasi: Türkiye, Almanya ve İskandinav Ülkeleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz
Media Regimes and Democracy: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey, Germany, and the Nordic Countries

Summary/Abstract: This study provides a comparative analysis of the media regime in Turkey with those of Germany and the Nordic countries. It draws on Hallin and Mancini’s three-model typology of media systems (liberal, democratic-corporatist, and polarized-pluralist) while also incorporating recent data from major international indices, including the Media for Democracy Monitor (MDM), the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM), Freedom House, Reporters Without Borders (RSF), UNESCO, and the Reuters Institute Digital News Report. The findings reveal that Germany and the Nordic countries exemplify the democratic-corporatist model, characterized by strong guarantees of media independence, robust public service broadcasting, and high professional standards in journalism. In contrast, Turkey demonstrates features of the polarized-pluralist model but has increasingly experienced a crisis of independence due to political interference, media ownership concentration, and declining journalistic professionalism. The study concludes that sustaining democratic functions within Turkey’s media regime requires structural reforms inspired by the institutional autonomy, transparency, and public responsibility principles that underpin the German and Nordic models.

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