Green Technological Innovation and Human Development in Resource-Dependent Economies: Structural Assessment of Iraq's Sustainable Growth Path
Green Technological Innovation and Human Development in Resource-Dependent Economies: Structural Assessment of Iraq's Sustainable Growth Path
Author(s): Nadia MAHDI ABDUL KADERSubject(s): Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Human Resources in Economy, Green Transformation
Published by: RITHA Publishing
Keywords: green technological innovation; human development index (HDI); Iraq, structural transformation; financial sustainability; resource-dependent economies;
Summary/Abstract: This study investigates the role of green technological innovation in supporting structural economic transformation and human development in Iraq, a resource-dependent economy facing significant environmental pressures and institutional constraints. Using a descriptive–analytical approach covering the period 2014–2024, the research evaluates Iraq’s performance across key Human Development Index (HDI) components and selected green technological innovation indicators. The findings indicate that while government expenditure on education (3.9% of GDP) and health (4.2% of GDP) has remained relatively stable, green innovation capacity remains limited, with research and development (R&D) investment averaging only 0.04% of GDP and recycling rates remaining comparatively low. These results highlight a structural gap between social development investments and technological modernization.
Journal: Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES)
- Issue Year: XXI/2026
- Issue No: 1(91)SI
- Page Range: 313-336
- Page Count: 24
- Language: English
