The Criticism of Liberalism in La Civiltà Cattolica, 1860-1880: Reflection and Perspectives
The Criticism of Liberalism in La Civiltà Cattolica, 1860-1880: Reflection and Perspectives

Summary/Abstract: This study examines the critical perspectives on liberalism as expressed in the Italian Jesuit periodical La Civiltà Cattolica from 1860 to 1880. Founded in 1850 under papal authority, the journal acted as a crucial platform for defending Catholic civilisation against ideological opponents, including liberals, Freemasons, socialists, and communists. The analysis details the journal’s development through various thematic sections, such as editorials, political chronicles, theological essays, philosophical treatises, and reviews. Notably, the periodical rigorously critiques liberal economic principles, emphasising the Catholic understanding of the common good over individual liberty. It also issues warnings about the moral and social risks associated with liberalism. La Civiltà Cattolica depicts liberalism as fundamentally opposed to the established religious and social order, linking it with atheism, communism, and the erosion of traditional authority. The study also highlights the journal’s responses to political developments in Italy and Europe, including concerns about expanding suffrage and the role of Catholic associations in public life. Through a detailed analysis of articles and editorial positions, this work reveals the ideological conflict that has shaped modern political thought and the Catholic Church’s reactions to the challenges of modernity.

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