Wymóg uzyskania terytorialnego rozłożenia głosów (poparcia) w wyborach prezydenckich
Spatial vote distribution requirement in Presidential Elections

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this article is to explain the institution of spatial vote distribution requirement in presidential elections that exists only in three multi-ethnic states: Nigeria (since 1979), Kenya (since 1992), and Indonesia (since 2001). To become a president in any of these states, a candidate who wins majority or plurality of votes in the elections also has to gain their minimal number (e.g. at least 20%) in more than half of their main administrative units. In the article, the main premises and multi-ethnic political context for applying this institution are identifi ed, as well as differences between all three cases indicated in detail. In the final part, the hitherto experience of employing this institution is evaluated.

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