Terörizm Tarihinin İlk Terör Örgütleri: Zealotlar, Haşhaşiler ve Thuglar
The First Terrorist Organizations in the History of Terrorism: Zealots, Hashashins and Thugs

Summary/Abstract: From the Zealots in the 1st century to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, from the 2008 Mumbai attacks to the 2011 Oslo attacks in Norway, terrorist organizations have been the cause of many important events. This study focuses on the Zealots of the 1st century, the Assassins who were active in the 11th and 13th centuries, and the Thugs who carried out terrorist acts in order to sacrifice to the goddess Kali they believed in in the 13th and 19th centuries. These three terrorist organizations, which have a longer lifespan compared to modern terrorist organizations, are very important in terms of what they teach us about modern terrorism because they act with religious motives. No matter how primitive terrorist organizations are, they have always had weapons, means of transportation, and communication. In this context, the terrorist organizations examined in this study also tried to benefit from the opportunities of the period and resorted to terror during their active period. The study to be conducted focuses on the first terrorist organizations in the history of terrorism, the Zealots, the Hashashins and the Thugs, and aims to compare the motivation sources, regions, types of actions, target audiences and political goals of these organizations. In this way, the period before modern terrorism and the first terrorist organizations in history will be discussed and compared. In addition, it is evaluated that these organizations with religious motifs will help us understand the terrorist organizations that have emerged today.

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