Az akadémiai szabadság tartalma és határai: a hagymamodell
The Content And Limits Of Academic Freedom: The Onion Model

Summary/Abstract: This paper is an abbreviated and updated version of our study for the STOA Committee of the European Parliament (Kováts–Rónay 2023). The paper reviews international documents on academic freedom in science and higher education, as well as the various views and approaches to academic freedom in the academic literature. This is synthesised in an onion model of academic freedom, which can be used to assess academic freedom in a given country. In this paper, we will analyse in detail the different components of the onion model, their interrelationship and the possible consequences of gaps. At the end of the paper, we will make a proposal on the direction in which it would be worthwhile to develop the guarantee elements of academic freedom.

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