Предучилищното образование и грижи за деца в Европа – сравнителен анализ на България и Естония
Early Childhood Education and Care in Europe – a Comparative Analysis of Bulgaria And Estonia

Summary/Abstract: This article presents a comparative analysis of the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) systems of Bulgaria and Estonia, based on the SEEPRO-3 national reports published in 2024. The comparison covers key dimensions: governance and administration, legislative framework, child participation, financing, staff-to-child ratios, curricula, inclusion policy, and demographic characteristics. The two countries share a common post-Soviet institutional legacy, yet have pursued markedly different reform trajectories. Estonia has developed an integrated system governed by the education ministry, with high participation rates and comparatively low child poverty. Bulgaria, by contrast, continues to operate a split structure divided between the health and education sectors, faces a serious shortage of kindergarten places, and records significantly higher levels of child poverty

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