The Energy Transition, a Place-Based Approach, and Spatial Justice
The Energy Transition, a Place-Based Approach, and Spatial Justice

Summary/Abstract: As energy systems in Europe have changed over the years, so too have the underlying economies, jobs and patterns of land-use. In turn, these changes present a multitude of challenges for supporting an energy system that is equitable, socially sustainable and which provides access to all. This paper explores the connection between place-based methodologies for developing energy supply chains and the notion of a "just transition", and considers how European regions can achieve climate neutrality while enhancing the development of their economies, societies, and territories. The research integrates place-based development theory with spatial justice and just transition perspectives that are relevant to energy transition governance. By linking these approaches, the study provides a foundation for designing interventions that are grounded in local environmental, socio-economic, and institutional conditions, while the concept of spatial justice facilitates the analysis of the ethical and distributive impacts of uneven regional development. Empirically, the study is based on a comparative analysis of three European transition regions - namely, Western Macedonia (Greece), Silesia (Poland), and Stara Zagora (Bulgaria), conducted within the JT-OBSERVATORY project. The methodology combines qualitative fieldwork, including semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and co-creation workshops, with participatory modelling techniques, notably Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM), across the three case studies. These data were complemented by regional socio-economic indicators and spatial analysis, enabling triangulation between governance structures, stakeholder perceptions, and territorial outcomes. The findings reveal persistent deficits in procedural, distributive, and recognition justice across all three regions, expressed through distinct governance configurations. Centralised decision-making, limited early-stage participation, and weak feedback mechanisms undermine trust and social acceptance of transition policies. This paper argues that integrating territorial sensitivity with justice principles strengthens the legitimacy, effectiveness, and resilience of transition strategies. Such an approach enables the energy transition to function not only as an environmental imperative but also as an opportunity to advance a more cohesive and equitable European development model.

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