Artificial Intelligence Systems in the Context of UN Resolution A/78/L.49, Council of Europe Framework Convention CETS No. 225, and EU Regulation 2024/1689
Artificial Intelligence Systems in the Context of UN Resolution A/78/L.49, Council of Europe Framework Convention CETS No. 225, and EU Regulation 2024/1689

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this article is to examine the approach to artificial intelligence reflected in three key international instruments adopted in 2024: the UN Resolution A/78/L.49, the Council of Europe Framework Convention CETS No. 225, and the European Union Regulation 2024/1689. Although these texts are commonly referred to as legal acts on artificial intelligence, their actual subject matter is more precisely defined as artificial intelligence systems - that is, specific entities with which humans interact. Despite differences in content and legal force, each document delineates, in its own way, the role of AI systems within human society and establishes safeguards against their undue influence. Additionally, each assigns responsibilities aligned with the objectives of the respective issuing organisation. A shared point of reference among them is the framework of international human rights protection, supplemented by various additional requirements unique to each instrument. This article analyses the substantive provisions of the three documents, comparing their terminology, scope, proposed protective mechanisms, and procedures for implementation.

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