FGM, obrzezanie oraz przymusowa sterylizacja jako przykłady naruszeń autonomii cielesnej
FGM, circumcision and forced sterilization as examples of violations of bodily autonomy

Summary/Abstract: This article presents three forms of violations of bodily autonomy - female genital mutilation, male circumcision and forced sterilization. The indicated violations, despite differences in their nature and cultural background, have one thing in common: interference with the victim's body is undertaken without their fully conscious and voluntary consent. The aim of the work is to show that the discussed examples, despite their diverse causal background, constitute serious violations of the individual's right to bodily autonomy and should be treated as such all over the world. Therefore, the protection of the right to self-determination should be a priority in the policies of states and in the actions of the international community. Finally, the analyzed practices should be considered in the light of the principle of bodily autonomy, freedom and personal dignity. Thus, international and national law should provide comprehensive protection against such violations, especially in the case of persons belonging to marginalized groups.

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