We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Financial dimension in Asian cooperation

Author(s): Katarzyna Żukrowska / Language(s): English Issue: 413/2015

Article covers financial and monetary cooperation, showing their roots and stages, on a wider background of world economy and developments in the structure of the world’s financial system. It also becomes clear that Asian states were pushed into closer cooperation by two crises of 1997 and 2008+. The financial cooperation includes tools which help states to stabilize their currency exchange rates. Current system, the Chiang Mai Initiative, embraces three pillars: liquidity assistance; monitoring and surveillance; exchange rate & financial policy cooperation. Since launching, the system went through a process of widening, which means growing number of states participating in it; and deepening, which means expansion of the scale and scope of cooperation. The cooperation started with easing financial liquidity, in advanced phases it built confidence and trust. This has laid foundation for systemic, legal, institutional convergence, paving way to further integration (internal market in 2020).

More...

Download

Developments of Chinese foreign direct investments in the ASEAN (2000-2013)

Author(s): Paweł Pasierbiak / Language(s): English Issue: 413/2015

The aim of the research is to identify and analyse the most important changes that took place in investment activities of Chinese corporations in ASEAN member states in the years 2000-2013. China seems to implement its strategy of bottom-up economic integration with countries of the region and increases its trade and investment activity in Southeast Asia. On the basis of statistical data available, the author presents the process of growing China’s investment involvement (in the form of FDI) in ASEAN and the most important motives that guide the Chinese corporations in their investment decisions. High growth rate of China’s direct investments in ASEAN makes this country an increasingly important investor in the Association. In addition, a characteristic feature of the Chinese FDIs into ASEAN is greater, than for developed countries, investment involvement in the less developed countries of ASEAN-4.

More...

Download

Strategic alliance between China Development Bank and Barclays as a basis for the expansion of Chinese capital in the banking sector

Author(s): Karolina Łopacińska / Language(s): English Issue: 413/2015

The paper presents the development of the international expansion of Chinese enterprises from the banking sector, based on the example of the strategic partnership formed after the acquisition of the shares in the British Bank Barclays by China Development Bank. The analysis covers both, the circumstances that led banks to establishing this agreement and its implications in the face of the outbreak of the global economic crisis. Attention is especially focused on the China Development Bank as a socially responsible institution and its contribution to building economic stability and fuelling sustainable development.

More...

Download

The significance of social innovation in promoting inclusive growth in Asian countries

Author(s): Małgorzata Dziembała / Language(s): English Issue: 413/2015

The Asian countries over the last decades experienced an unusually dynamic economic growth. However, they still face different social problems, despite the continuous improvement of poverty and social exclusion rates. Therefore, the undertaken measures within the economic and social policies must promote inclusive growth in those countries. The innovations can contribute to solving or mitigating the different social problems. However, the complex set of factors, including cultural factors, level of social identity and participation of inhabitants in social life, determine the way of promoting social innovations and instruments which are used in order to implement them. The aim of the paper is to discuss the role of social innovations in promoting inclusive growth in selected Asian countries and to indicate the factors influencing the scope and characteristics of social innovation which is implemented in the discussed countries.

More...

Download

Innovation Networks & Clusters of India

Author(s): Szymon Mazurek / Language(s): English Issue: 413/2015

A coherent government’s innovation policy is a completely new phenomenon in India. Its formulation is a part of a broader programme designed to develop the economy in India, called Decade of Innovation 2010-2020. Using patterns of developed countries, Indian government intends to base its innovation policy on clusters, where the kernel will be the scientific research institutions. The emergence of such clusters is to be initiated by the Cluster Innovation Centres. The activity of the CICs is to be addressed, both, directly to the business (Industry Innovation Clusters), and to the education sector (University Innovation Clusters).

More...

Download

Natural disasters and gross capital formation in Southeastern Asia

Author(s): Agnieszka Kukułka,Bartosz Totleben / Language(s): English Issue: 413/2015

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the occurrence of natural disasters on the growth rate of physical capital accumulation in countries of Southeastern Asia with high catastrophic risk, i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and The Philippines. In the article, the consequences of natural disasters are presented, as well as the aspects of accumulation of physical capital within years 1990-2014. Presented data shows that the number of natural disasters, associated losses, as well as the level of physical capital all have increased over time in six considered countries. In order to check Granger causality, Wald test was performed for yearly data. It is shown, that in all countries but Thailand, the damages caused by natural disasters in the past have impact on the accumulation of physical capital. Such an outcome may be the result of the reconstruction process undertaken after disasters.

More...

Download

The synchronization of business cycles in East Asia and Pacific Region. A network approach

Author(s): Tomasz Serwach / Language(s): English Issue: 413/2015

The synchronization of business cycles is crucial for a proper functioning of currency unions, diversification opportunities in trade and finance etc. In an open economy it is almost impossible to isolate from situation in other countries when real and financial links are established. However, it is also very hard to find a country responsible for the facilitation of the transmission of economic shocks. In the article, the author analyzes the economic network formed within the East Asia and Pacific region with the aim to point those pairs of countries which are significantly connected and labels that countries with regard to the role they play in the business cycle synchronization. It seems that the biggest facilitator of such a synchronization is Indonesia, which gives rise to the role of involvement in international production chains.

More...

Download

Contagion and self-learning in Asian economic crises 1997-1998 and 2008-2010. Case Study of Malaysia

Author(s): Marcin Grabowski,Sławomir Wyciślak / Language(s): English Issue: 413/2015

The contagion effect is of a systemic importance for the real, financial and political spheres. In contagion analysis the impact of centralization and self-learning in a complex system on the ability to respond to contagion escalation is interesting. The system approach methodology seems best to resolve such systemic issues. Malaysia, selected for a case study, was affected both by the 1997-1998 and the 2008-2010 crisis. The tested hypothesis: centralized system is more prone to contagion, but self-learning and response to contagion may be faster, was proven. Malaysia was prone to contagion mostly due to links with neighbouring countries, correlated especially with Indonesia, less with Thailand, but centralization, similar to other SE Asian countries, made the contagion relatively fast. Conversely, the centralized yet controversial reaction of Mahathir bin Mohammad, allowed Malaysia to overcome the crisis faster and broadly implement a self-learning mechanism to avoid future shocks.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

How to Avoid Europe’s Disintegration

Author(s): Ivan Yotov Krastev / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

There is a new trend that is developing in Europe – a rebellion against the elite. In my view, this rebellion represents the biggest challenge that Europe faces today. This type of anti-elite sentiment is becoming stronger and stronger while there is no clear positive agenda of what those who rebel really want. It is clear, however, that perpetuating the status quo will only make this group angrier.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Farewell, Europe

Author(s): Ljudmila Jewgenjewna Ulizkaja / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

I am not involved in politics, but I say what I think when asked. It is for this reason that I have been identified as an element of the “fifth column” in Russia. I am accused of hating my country, but I have no hatred in myself, just shame and helplessness.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

DOUBLETAKE: Does Russia divide Europe?

Author(s): Judy Dempsey / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

Because of its inability to influence real change in Russia, both Germany and its European partners need to think long and hard about what kind of security strategy they need for and with Russia. This is also something that NATO yet needs to consider, and which the EU can no longer continue to ignore.

More...

4.90 €

Preview

How Global is the Ukrainian Conflict?

Author(s): Iulian Fota,John Kornblum,Robert Kupiecki,Dominik Jankowski,Merle Maigre,Jelena Milić,Ippeita Nishida / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

By September 2015 the conflict between Ukraine and Russian-supported separatists in Ukraine’s east has entered the 18th month since its onset. The “hot” conflict has worn down Ukraine’s already struggling economy and is stifling any chances for real reforms that the country desperately needs. September 2015 is also the one year anniversary of the first Minsk ceasefire agreement which aimed to freeze the conflict between Ukraine and the separatist regions in Luhansk and Donetsk. This ceasefire protocol, however, quickly failed and clashes between the two sides flared up again culminating in a second ceasefire agreement being signed in Minsk in February 2015. Yet, despite the international community’s efforts towards a diplomatic solution clashes continue, lives are being lost and over one million people have left their homes as a result of the conflict. Europe and its western allies have instituted sanctions against Russia for its support of the armed conflict while Russia has responded by conducting its largest military exercises since the end of the Cold War. This tenable situation in our region provoked New Eastern Europe to ask the question: to what extent is the conflict in Ukraine a regional matter and to what extent is it a global matter? We polled foreign policy and security experts from the region and around the world for their opinion on this question. While we leave the conclusions to be drawn by the reader, the results show that perspective in conflicts matter.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Reconciliation: Europe’s impossible and necessary task

Author(s): Stefan Auer / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

Twenty five years after the demise of communism, the EU has succeeded in giving itself a new institutional architecture. However, the new Europe of 28 member states needs more than new institutions – it requires a new self-understanding.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Can we ever be Brothers Again?

Author(s): Oleg Kozlovsky / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

Over a short period of two years, two countries and two peoples that had been closely linked for centuries became bitter enemies. Can we hope that such quick changes will turn out to be short-lasting? What should be done to find a path towards Russian-Ukrainian reconciliation? Is it possible at all? And is it even necessary? The last question is the most serious since the longer the conflict lasts, the more people adapt themselves to the new status quo, losing faith in the possibility of reconciliation.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Reconciliation Begins at Home

Author(s): Iwona Reichardt / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

A conversation with Mykhailo Cherenkov, vice president for strategy and education at the Association for Spiritual Renewal in Ukraine. Interviewer: Iwona Reichardt

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Diplomacy of Pastoral Letters

Author(s): Paweł Kowal / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

“Honourable Brothers, we ask you: let us try to forget. Let there be no further polemic, no further cold war, but a beginning of dialogue”. It is with these words, 20 years after the Second World War, that a group of Polish bishops approached the German episcopate in an unprecedented proclamation. In democratic Poland, the 1965 pastoral letter became a model and point of reference in the reconciliation process, not only with Germany but also with Poland’s other neighbours, especially Ukraine and Russia.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Why Peaceful Conflict Resolution Matters

Author(s): Ketevan Tsikhelashvili / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

Based on its internationally respected sovereignty and territorial integrity, Georgia has a conflict resolution policy that rests upon peace, pragmatism and reconciliation. Georgia’s European integration as a process and the EU as an actor can be a part of the solution. Considering Russia’s continuing breaches of international norms and attempts to keep conflicts alive, the task is very challenging. Nonetheless, a sustainable peaceful resolution of conflicts is within reach if the proper measures are taken.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Why Crimea is still Legally a Part of Ukraine

Author(s): Przemysław Roguski / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

Part of the challenge in forming a clear and coherent European policy response to Russia’s actions towards Ukraine are the differences in public perception among the EU member states of what exactly happened in Ukraine. International law, however, provides an unequivocal answer to the question of how to assess and understand the current status of Crimea, setting a legal framework under which a policy towards Russia should operate.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

A Bizarre Kind of Loyalty

Author(s): Łukasz Wojtusik / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

A conversation with Dorota Krakowska, daughter of Tadeusz Kantor. Interviewer: Łukasz Wojtusik

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Of Mannequins and Men

Author(s): Anna Kaszuba-Dębska / Language(s): English Issue: 05 (18)/2015

Dolls and mannequins were a significant inspiration for artists of the interwar period. This motif was also used by Taduesz Kantor, especially in his play “The Dead Class”. The influence of the pre-war tradition as well as Kantor’s work can be seen in a new project called The Retired Men.

More...